The epic tradition of the community was concentrated in folk prose. Most of the territory of Slovakia, including the Šariš region, was historically part of a larger state unit and was outside the main economic and cultural centers. This is one of the reasons why the country's rural character has been preserved for a long time, and it has provided ideal conditions for the transmission of oral traditions between generations and within the community.
Among the developed genres of prose in the folk environment there are fairy tales, stories, legends, fairy tales and tales, as well as short verbal forms such as sayings and proverbs. Narrative occasions appeared during meetings at work or social gatherings, family events and meetings during rest.
Sharia fairy tales can be found in various collections. The most extensive narrative material was collected in Slovakia in 1928-1944 during the so-called wollmanovskej zberateľskej akcie (Wollman collection). The material from Šariš, collected during this event, was published in the 3rd volume of the publication Slovenské ľudové rozpávky: Východné Slovensko (Slovak folk tales: Eastern Slovakia). Several stories recorded in Šariš can also be found in Pavel Dobšinski's publication Prostonárodné slovenské povesti (Simple Slovak National Tales).
A valuable source for the study of folk literature and folklore were zábavníky ("toys"), which were created in the middle of the 19th century. They were handwritten collections of pupils and students containing records of legends, songs, adages, riddles, customs and customs from the rural environment. Prešovský zábavník (Prešov's "toy-maker") is known from the area of Šariš.
Ján Lazorík was an important collector of traditional Slovak expressions of verbal folklore in Šariš. Fairy tales, superstitions and legends collected in the villages of Górny Potorysia in the 1970s were published in his publication Rosprafki a pripovitkirosprafkara Juraj Krankoti from Remeňín iňšichrospravjačoch, pripovitkaroch (Stories and parables by the narrator Juraj Krankoti from Remenin and other gaveliers and other narrators) . Five selected stories from this publication were published in an illustrated children's book Dzebulo tam bulo (Where it was, there was). The book was also released in an audio version, in which the fairy tales in the Sharjah dialect were recorded by actors from the Alexander Duchnovič Theater in Prešov. Another local collection of stories is called Zazračnidzvonček (Miracle Bell). This material was collected in the 1950s in the village of Fintice. Jozef Kolarčík-Fintický - an outstanding personality, local teacher, cantor and ethnographer. From the oral literature of the Ruthenian-Ukrainian community, it is worth mentioning the 7-volume work UkrajinskinarodnikazkiSchidnojiSlovaččina. Various narrative genres of Ruthenian-Ukrainian culture are also noted in the publication Vyprávění a písně Rusínů z východního Slovenska (Stories and Songs of Ruthenians from Eastern Slovakia) with an attached CD. 10 CDs with Ruthenian fairy tales were released in the form of a radio play, which were passed orally in the area of Šariš (recorded in Ruthenian).
Among the historical legends in the area of Šariš, there were, for example, legends about the Turks, legends about the Hussites and Czech brothers (towns in the northern part of the territory), legends about King Matthias and Emperor Joseph II. (especially northern towns), as well as applications about kurucs. The most important theme of the legendary tradition in Slovakia is the robber theme. Legends about Juraj Janosik were spread all over Slovakia, including in Šariš, less often about Rinalda Rinaldini. In the village of Cigeľka, there was a legend about the Ukrainian robber Oleks Dovbuš. Urban legends are among the genres of folk prose that are passed down in local history. There are legends about the largest cities of Šariš, and many legends are associated with the castles in Šariš.
Among the widespread narrative genres were tales of demonic (superstitious) nature, in which the presence of supernatural forces was key. Many of these stem from fear of the ghosts of the dead and other mysterious forces, and many times were pre-Christian in origin.
The elements of nature, such as fire and water, were a frequent topic and were part of the elements of the saints and assigned a magical-protective function. Springs, wells and rivers were also worshiped. In the folk representations of the Šariš region, there were also often supernatural beings with magical or magical powers - fears - strašky, ghosts, devils, witches, etc.
Myths and Stories (compilation):
Login
