The most important sign recognizable for Pogórzans, on the basis of which the ethnographic group was separated, was the dress . Unfortunately, not many examples of authentic Pogórze national costumes have survived to this day (with the exception of Haczów). Nowadays, the activity of (...) institutions can be a recognizable sign for Pogórzans from the Podkarpackie Province:
The ethnocenter of the Krosno Region in Krosno , which is a meeting place with a living tradition. He acquaints with the traditional culture of Pogórze in a modern way. The rich cultural offer covers many branches of traditional folk culture.
The Ethnographic Farm in Rogy and the activities of the Rogi Village Lovers Association. Their activity is an example of how to protect, cultivate and promote local cultural heritage.
Museum of Folk Architecture in Sanok (...). The Ethnographic Park presents sectors relating to individual ethnographic groups inhabiting south-eastern Poland before World War II: Eastern and Western Pogórzans, (...). Much attention was paid to the physiographic distribution of individual sectors in the area - visitors should feel like in a former Pogórze village (...). The Museum has over 150 wooden structures from the 17th to the 20th century. There are residential, residential and utility buildings, farm buildings, as well as sacred buildings (church, churches, roadside shrines) and public utility buildings (school, taverns, fire stations) as well as industrial facilities (e.g. forges, mill, oil facilities) . The manor and presbytery buildings are also presented. Most of the facilities are equipped - the interiors are open to the public. The Ethnographic Park also houses the archaeological, pastoral and oil sectors and the Galician Market Square.
Eastern Pogórzany Sector: In the Eastern Pogórzany sector you can see, among others, a cottage from Blizne from the end of the 19th century - a residential and farm building built in a carcass structure of fir beams tied at the corners "on the corners", covered with a hipped thatched roof; a cottage from Niebock from the beginning of the XX century; a barn from Jasienica Rosielna from the middle of 19th century; a one-building homestead from Lutcza from around 1880; the cottage of the inhabitants of Węglówka from 1892; a school in Wydrna from 1880; the Roman Catholic church from Bączala Dolny from 1667; a windmill from Domaradz from 1926.
Sector of West Foothills: Some facilities in the West Foothills sector come from localities currently located in the Małopolskie voivodship. From the area of the Podkarpackie Province, this sector includes, among others, the manor house from Święcany from 1861; a barn from Błażkowa from the middle of the 19th century; a one-building weaving farm from Korczyna from 1790; windmill from Turaszówka from 1923.
There is also an exhibition on folk costumes from the MBL collection in Sanok on the premises of the open-air museum. Among other things, the Pogórze attire is presented.
The important recognizable signs of the group also include: places associated with the extraction of crude oil (many in Pogórze former adits and oil mines), the cult of the image from Stara Wieś, the Haczów costume, and musical folklore .
Famous figures related to the history and culture of Pogórze:
- Stanisław Pigoń (born in 1885 in Kombornia, died in 1968 in Krakow) - professor at the Jagiellonian University, expert in Polish literature, educator. Stanisław Pigoń came from a peasant family from Kombornia. He described his memories of his home village in the diary Z Komborni w świat.
- Jan Szczepanik (born in 1872 in Rudniki near Mościska, died in 1926 in Tarnów) - an inventor called "Polish Edison" and "Galician genius". He grew up in Krosno (he was an illegitimate child, his mother came from a farming family in Zręcin near Krosno). After graduating from the teachers' college, he worked as a physics teacher in towns near Krosno. He dealt with the improvement of weaving machines for the "Weavers Society" in Korczyn. He constructed a tapestry machine, which became a breakthrough invention in the weaving industry. Jan Szczepanik was the author of many inventions in the field of colorful weaving, film and photographic techniques. In 2013, BM Production from Krakow made a documentary about Jan Szczepanik entitled "Galician Genius". (...)
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz (born 1822 in Zaduszniki, died 1882 in Chorkówka) - pharmacist and entrepreneur, founder of the world's first oil mine in Bóbrka near Krosno, inventor of the kerosene lamp, pioneer of the oil industry in Europe. His grave is in Zręcin near Krosno. In 2019, a movie was made. "Łukasiewicz oiler romantic" (...).
- Władysław Chajec (born in 1904, died in 1985) - a sculptor, considered one of the most outstanding post-war folk artists. He was born in the United States, at the age of 7 he returned with his family to his home village of Kamienica Górna near Brzostek. Władysław Chajec graduated from 3 years of primary school. He was a self-taught sculptor. He ran a small farm. He started creating at a late age (after World War II) under the influence of painful personal experiences. His work was dominated by three themes: sacred, historical and moral. The sculptures were richly colored and polychrome. With his work, he contributed to the popularization of the area with which he was associated. In 1974, he received the Oskar Kolberg. The largest collection of sculptures by Władysław Chajc is in the Ethnographic Museum of Franciszek Kotula in Rzeszów. His sculptures can also be found in museums in Kraków, Warsaw, Sanok, Nowy Sącz, Przemyśl, Tarnów, and Jasło. In 2020, the Regional Museum in Jasło made a film about life and work. Władysław Chajc (...)
- Stanisław Witkoś (born in 1902 in Ustrobna, died in 1982 in Białkówka) - regionalist, collector, self-taught ethnographer. He was born in a large family of a poor peasant, a returnee from America. He graduated from a four-class elementary school, and then two classes of the National Weaving School in Krosno. He worked as a community writer in many villages around Krosno. He ran a small farm and took up various jobs, including working as a lineman, tax collector, drainage worker, shopkeeper, and forest tribute collector. It was then that he became interested in the culture of the countryside - he started researching and documenting the disappearing manifestations of traditional rural culture. He conducted research in the field and acquired ethnographic monuments. At the end of his life, the collection consisted of several thousand items from the vicinity of Bajd, Moderówka and Jedlicze, which were meticulously described and inventoried. In the 1960s, he made efforts to create a regional chamber to present the collected exhibits. The Private Museum Chamber was opened in 1971 in Moderówka (in the house of Jan Twardzik). The exhibition presented furniture and household, farm and farm equipment, monuments of rural crafts, folk clothes and costumes, works of ritual and cultural art, as well as rural documents and archives, old photographs and numismatic items. In 1977, the ethnographic monograph Bajda i Moderówka by Stanisław Witkoś, edited by Józef Bursztyn, was published. Before his death, Stanisław Witkoś donated his ethnographic collection to the Maria Konopnicka Museum in Żarnowiec. They are in stock. They are not open to the public.
In November 2019, an open-air show titled "Recalled from memory" as part of a theater project carried out by the Krosno Development Foundation. The Market Square in Krosno was "visited" by historical figures who meant a lot to Krosno, including: Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Jan Szczepanik, Anna and Stanisław Oświęcimski, Maria Konopnicka.
The text comes from the study "INVENTORY OF CULTURAL RESOURCES OF THE BORDERLAND - THE ETHNOCARPATHIA PROJECT" realized by the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University for the District Museum in Rzeszów.
Author: Ms Magdalena Fołta.
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